The Great Underground Gateway: Discovering the Summit Tunnel from Walsden to Littleborough

Hidden beneath the rugged peaks of the Pennines lies a monumental feat of Victorian engineering that once held the title of the longest railway tunnel in the world. Stretching between the quiet village of Walsden and the bustling town of Littleborough, the Summit Tunnel is more than just a dark passage for trains; it is a survivor of fire, ice, and the relentless march of industrial history.

Whether you are a railway enthusiast, a local historian, or a hiker looking for a walk with a story, the Summit Tunnel offers a fascinating glimpse into the sheer ambition of the 19th-century pioneers.

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A Vision in Brick: The Birth of a Legend

In the late 1830s, the Manchester and Leeds Railway faced a formidable obstacle: the Pennine range. To connect the industrial powerhouses of the North, they needed to pierce the "backbone of England."

Designed by the visionary engineer Thomas Longridge Gooch—a close collaborator of the legendary George Stephenson—construction began in 1838. The scale of the project was staggering for its time:

• The Workforce: Between 800 and 1,250 men and boys worked in shifts, hewing rock by the flickering light of candles.

• The Materials: Over 23 million handmade bricks were used to line the horseshoe-shaped tunnel, with up to 60,000 bricks laid in a single day during peak construction.

• The Cost: Originally estimated at £107,800, the final bill soared to over £251,000—an astronomical sum in 1841.

When the tunnel finally opened on March 1, 1841, it was a global marvel. At 1.6 miles (2,638 meters) long, it stood as a testament to human grit, though that victory came at a heavy price: 41 workers lost their lives during its perilous construction.

The Trial by Fire: The 1984 Inferno

For over 140 years, the tunnel served as a reliable artery for the North. However, its greatest test came not from age, but from a catastrophic accident.

On the morning of December 20, 1984, a freight train carrying over one million litres of petrol derailed deep inside the tunnel. What followed was one of the most intense railway fires in British history. As the petrol ignited, the tunnel’s ventilation shafts—originally designed to vent steam—transformed into giant chimneys.

Witnesses described terrifying pillars of flame 150 meters high erupting from the hillside above Walsden. The heat was so extreme (reaching $1,200^\circ\text{C}$) that it actually vitrified the brickwork, turning the surface of the tunnel walls into molten glass.

Miraculously, thanks to the heroic efforts of the fire brigades and the tunnel's robust Victorian design, there were no fatalities. The tunnel was repaired and reopened just eight months later, proving that Gooch’s masterpiece was built to last.

Exploring the Hillside: The "Air Shafts" of Walsden Moor

If you visit the area today, the most striking remnants of the tunnel aren't underground, but dotting the landscape above. To align the tunnel and provide ventilation, 14 vertical shafts were sunk from the moorland down to the track level.

Today, you can still find several of these iconic circular brick air shafts (or "pepper pots") as you hike the trails between Littleborough and Walsden. They stand like silent sentinels on the hillside, often surrounded by the wild beauty of the Pennines.

• Photography Tip: The shafts near Bottomley Road provide a fantastic subject for photographers, especially when the mist rolls over the moors, creating a brooding, atmospheric scene.

• Nature’s Influence: In 2010, the shafts made headlines again when a passenger train derailed after striking a massive block of ice that had formed inside a shaft and fallen onto the tracks—a reminder that the tunnel is still at the mercy of the Pennine elements.

Walking the Summit Route

A walk from Walsden to Littleborough is the best way to appreciate the scale of this engineering feat.

1. Start at Walsden Station: From here, you can see the northern portal where trains disappear into the darkness.

2. Follow the Rochdale Canal: The canal runs parallel to the railway, offering a flat, scenic path.

3. The Climb: For the more adventurous, head up onto the moors toward Warland Reservoir or Blackstone Edge. From these heights, you can look down and spot the alignment of the air shafts, tracing the invisible path of the railway deep beneath your feet.

4. Finish in Littleborough: Reward yourself with a visit to the Littleborough Coach House or a walk around Hollingworth Lake, which was originally built to feed the very canal you just walked beside.

Why the Summit Tunnel Still Matters

The Summit Tunnel isn't just a relic; it remains a vital part of the Calder Valley Line, carrying thousands of passengers between Manchester and Leeds every day. It serves as a bridge between our industrial past and our connected future.

Standing at the portal in Walsden and feeling the rush of air as a modern train exits the tunnel, you are experiencing the same sensation that Victorian spectators did nearly 200 years ago. It is a place where history isn't just remembered—it's still in motion.

I took these with a Polaroid is2132 on the 31st May 2015. Please take a moment to share this post, follow me on social media, and explore my work on Clickasnap and Photo4Me using the links below. Your support means a lot.

All the images remain the copyright of Colin Green.

Exploring the Pennine Charm: A Walk Along the Rochdale Canal from Bottomley to Walsden

 The Rochdale Canal is often described as one of the most spectacular waterways in the United Kingdom. Carving its way through the rugged backbone of England, it offers a dramatic blend of industrial heritage and breathtaking natural beauty. Today, we’re narrowing our focus to a particularly serene and photogenic stretch: the journey between Bottomley Lock (Lock 33) and Bridge 36, just outside the village of Walsden.

Whether you are a seasoned "gongoozler" (the canal-side term for someone who enjoys watching life on the water) or a weekend hiker looking for a peaceful escape, this section of the canal captures the essence of the South Pennines.

The pictures were taken with a Nikon d3300 on the 27th August 2019.

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Starting at Bottomley: Where Engineering Meets Tranquillity

Our journey begins at Bottomley Lock (Lock 33). As you stand by the heavy timber gates, you can’t help but feel the weight of history. Completed in 1804, the Rochdale Canal was the first of the three trans-Pennine canals to be fully opened, and it remains a testament to the grit of the Georgian engineers who designed it.

At Bottomley, the canal is framed by lush, manicured gardens and charming stone-built cottages that look as though they’ve grown directly out of the hillside. The contrast between the dark, still water and the vibrant green of the Pennine slopes is a photographer’s dream. The lock itself is a hive of rhythmic activity when a narrowboat passes through—the winding of paddles, the rush of water, and the slow creak of the gates are the only sounds that break the silence of the valley.

The Life of a Lock-Keeper’s Cottage

One of the most striking features near Lock 33 is the beautifully maintained canal-side architecture. These stone buildings once housed the men who managed the water levels and ensured the smooth passage of coal and wool. Today, they serve as enviable private residences, their windows reflecting the passing clouds and the occasional flash of a kingfisher’s wing.

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The Gentle Meander Toward Sands Lock

Leaving Bottomley behind, the towpath leads you toward Sands Lock (Lock 32) and Lightbank Lock (Lock 31). This stretch of the canal is remarkably peaceful. To your left, the hills rise steeply, dotted with sheep and crisscrossed by ancient dry-stone walls. To your right, the canal reflects the sky, creating a sense of double-layered serenity.

As you walk, you’ll notice the distinctive "horse-leaping" blocks and the worn grooves in the stonework where towropes once pulled heavy barges laden with goods. It’s easy to imagine the clatter of hooves and the shouts of boatmen echoing through this valley over two hundred years ago.

Nature’s Takeover

While the canal was built for industry, nature has since reclaimed it. This section is a haven for local wildlife. Keep an eye out for:

• Herons: Often found standing perfectly still on the bank, waiting for a meal.

• Wildflowers: In the summer, the banks are bursting with yellow tansy, purple loosestrife, and foxgloves.

• Narrowboats: The "wandering homes" of the canal. The bright reds and greens of a passing boat provide a wonderful splash of colour against the earthy tones of the Pennines.

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Approaching Bridge 36 and Walsden

As the path continues toward Bridge 36, the landscape begins to open up. Bridge 36 is a classic gritstone arch, a sturdy piece of functional art that has survived the elements for centuries. It marks a transition point where the wilder parts of the canal begin to approach the outskirts of Walsden.

Looking through the arch of Bridge 36, you get a framed view of the canal stretching onward. The water here is often incredibly still, acting as a mirror for the surrounding woodland. It’s a place that invites you to slow down, take a seat on a nearby bench or a lock beam, and simply breathe in the fresh Pennine air.

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Why This Stretch is Perfect for a Day Out

The walk from Bottomley to Bridge 36 is relatively flat and well-surfaced, making it accessible for families, dog walkers, and cyclists. Because this area is slightly removed from the busier hubs of Hebden Bridge or Todmorden, you can often enjoy the path in near-solitude.

Travel Tips for Your Visit:

1. Wear Sturdy Shoes: While the towpath is generally good, Pennine weather can be unpredictable. A waterproof pair of walking shoes is always a good idea.

2. Bring a Camera: From the reflections in the water to the architectural details of the locks, there is a "wow" moment around every corner.

3. Respect the Water: Remember that the canal is a living environment. Stay on the towpath and give way to boaters and cyclists.

4. Local Sustenance: Once you reach Walsden, there are local spots to grab a brew or a bite to eat before heading back or continuing your journey toward Todmorden.

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Final Thoughts

The Rochdale Canal between Bottomley Lock and Bridge 36 isn't just a path; it's a corridor through time. It reminds us of an era when the world moved at 4 miles per hour—the speed of a walking horse. In our modern, fast-paced world, there is something deeply healing about matching that pace, even just for an afternoon.

The hills of the Calder Valley provide a dramatic backdrop to a waterway that is both rugged and delicate. Whether the sun is glinting off the ripples or a low mist is clinging to the hillsides, this stretch of the canal near Walsden remains one of the North’s best-kept secrets.

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All the pictures remain the copyright of Colin Green.

Ghostly Waterfalls and Frozen Memories: The River Calder in Winter

On a crisp, snow-dusted day—January 17, 2016—I followed the course of the River Calder through the heart of Calderdale, capturing the raw, wintry beauty of this vital Yorkshire waterway. From the ancient stones of Mearclough near Sowerby Bridge to the industrial echoes at Sterne Mill in Copley, the river transformed the familiar landscape into something stark, silent, and deeply atmospheric.

The Calder, the lifeblood of this valley, has always been inextricably linked to the textile mills and industry that built Sowerby Bridge and Halifax. In summer, its flow is vibrant and green; in mid-winter, with a dusting of snow, it takes on a formidable, historical character.

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1. Mearclough: Where Stone Meets Snow

Near Sowerby Bridge, the river bends beneath the arches of Mearclough Bridge . This substantial stone structure, framed by leafless, snow-dusted trees, speaks of centuries of crossings. The bridge itself, with its deep-set arches, stands as a testament to the engineering required to manage the Calder’s often-ferocious flow.

Further upstream, the river widens, rushing over the Mearclough Weir . The water takes on a dark, heavy hue, reflecting the grey winter sky. The snow clinging to the banks and the roofs of the old brick buildings across the water perfectly encapsulates the classic, rugged industrial landscape of the Pennines—a landscape of grit, stone, and water.

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2. Sterne Mill, Copley: A Powerful Halt

A short distance downriver, the landscape shifts at Copley, dominated by the wide expanse of the Sterne Mill Weir.

Here, the water is held in a glassy, mirror-like pool before cascading over the structure . The snow-covered riverbanks and the backdrop of bare hills make the still water a perfect reflector, doubling the ghostly, winter-silhouetted trees.

The weir itself is a spectacular sight in this weather . The churning, white foam of the waterfall contrasts sharply with the still, dark water held back by the concrete and metal works. It's a reminder of the sheer power of the water that was harnessed to turn the wheels of Copley's mills.

• The dark, rusted metal sheeting alongside the river channel hints at the modern flood defences and infrastructure required to control the river today .

• Looking across the wider river, the faint track of a railway line is visible, another line of transport that runs parallel to the Calder, reinforcing the valley’s role as a key transport corridor .

The view of the wide bend near Copley captures the essence of the valley's quiet power: the smooth, purposeful flow of the river, framed by the white snow and the dark, bare trees . It is a river that has seen centuries of human endeavour, and on a frozen January morning, it feels like it is waiting patiently for spring, its history suspended in the cold air.

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All the pictures remain the copyright of Colin Green.

An August Evening in the Pennines: Where Moorland Meets Motorway at Scammonden

Date: August 4th, 2018 Location: Scammonden, West Yorkshire

The Yorkshire Pennines, with their sweeping moorlands and dramatic valleys, hold a timeless quality. Yet, there’s one spot where the ancient landscape collides spectacularly with modern human ingenuity: Scammonden. Looking back at the photographs I captured on an early August evening in 2018, the unique character of this location—a crossroads of history, engineering, and stunning nature—is vividly apparent.

The Scenery: Golden Hour on the Moor

• The Light: The sun, low in the sky, bathes the scene in a warm, amber glow. On a summer evening, particularly following what was a famously hot summer in 2018, this light is intensely beautiful, bringing out the deep, earthy tones of the heather and rough grasses that cover the hills.

• The Landscape: You can sense the vastness of the exposed Pennine moorland—a land shaped by centuries of wind and rain. The slopes look rugged yet inviting, a perfect place for quiet reflection as the day cools down.

This area, high up on the backbone of England, offers a breath taking sense of isolation, a characteristic that makes its juxtaposition with the nearby motorway all the more striking.

The Modern Marvel: The M62 at Scammonden Dam

The M62, the vital trans-Pennine route, here performs one of its most impressive feats. Instead of a conventional bridge, the motorway runs along the crest of a massive structure known as the Scammonden Dam, which impounds the water to form Scammonden Reservoir (or Scammonden Water).

• A World-Class Design: Completed in the early 1970s, this dam was the first in the world to carry a motorway along its crest, and remains the only one of its kind in Britain. It's a spectacular example of multi-purpose civil engineering, solving the problems of both crossing a deep valley and providing a much-needed water supply for Huddersfield.

• The Viewpoint: Your pictures clearly show the elevated position of the motorway, giving an incredible vantage point for drivers and observers alike. The sheer scale of the cutting and the embankment is immense—a lasting monument to the ambition of the mid-20th-century road builders.

The faint streams of traffic in the images—perhaps captured with a slightly longer exposure as the light faded—represent the ceaseless flow of commerce and life connecting the East and West of the country, all happening atop this silent, earth-filled wall.

The Companion Reservoir: Booth Wood

• Booth Wood's Role: Lying just north of the M62 and Scammonden, Booth Wood Reservoir is another important feature in this water-rich landscape, supplying water to Wakefield. Like its larger neighbour, it was completed around the same time, in 1971.

• A Complex Water System: Looking out over Booth Wood, you get a sense of the complex network of reservoirs in this area, catching the water from the high moors and channelling it down to the towns and cities of West Yorkshire. It's a reminder that this scenic expanse is also a crucial utility landscape, quietly sustaining the lives of hundreds of thousands of people.

A Village Beneath the Water

Perhaps the most fascinating detail of all lies beneath the surface of Scammonden Water. The reservoir's creation required a significant sacrifice: the valley floor was once home to the small village of Deanhead.

When the valley was flooded, most of the village's structures were demolished. However, the old Deanhead Church was spared and converted into what is now the local sailing club headquarters, sitting on the reservoir's edge—a tangible connection to the community that was displaced. Imagine the history held within the silent water, with the roar of the M62 overhead creating a truly unique historical contrast.

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Scammonden is more than just a stop-off; it is a profound location that tells a story of:

• Natural Beauty: The enduring wildness of the Pennines.

• Human Endeavor: The audacity and scale of its civil engineering.

• Lost History: The ghost of the village that sleeps beneath the dam.

Your photos from that August evening perfectly capture this three-part harmony. It's a place that commands attention, making you pause and appreciate the layers of life, nature, and engineering piled one atop the other.

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All the pictures remain the copyright of Colin Green.

Whispers on the Path: The History of Norland's Donkey Bridge

Deep within the wooded valley that divides the villages of Norland and Copley in West Yorkshire lies a hidden gem of local heritage: the Donkey Bridge. Surrounded by mossy stone walls and the vibrant green of the Maple Dean Clough, this little crossing may seem unassuming, but it carries the heavy weight of local history, marking a vital link in the region's industrial past.

Visiting this secluded spot, capturing its serene, almost timeless beauty. The stone abutments, draped in thick moss, and the wooden path over the water tell a silent story of trade, toil, and community connection.

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What the Donkey Bridge Crosses

The bridge spans the Norland Stream, also known as Maple Dean Clough. This small watercourse is more than just a stream; it acts as the historic boundary between the townships of Norland and Copley. The water itself, tumbling over stones in the steep valley, is a typical feature of the Calderdale landscape.

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The Historical Importance: A Pack Horse Route

The name of the bridge is the most telling detail of its past. The "Donkey" in Donkey Bridge doesn't necessarily mean donkeys were the only animals used, but it firmly establishes the structure as a crucial part of a pack horse route.

In the era before turnpike roads and widespread cart usage, pack horses were the primary means of moving goods across the rugged, hilly terrain of the Pennines.

• Trade Connection: This path would have been a lifeline for local commerce, linking the high-lying village of Norland with the lower valley communities, particularly Copley.

• A Route of Necessity: The bridge allowed for the efficient movement of essential goods, raw materials, and finished products between areas. Norland's history is steeped in the woollen industry and quarrying; this path was likely crucial for transporting quarried stone down from the Norland side and perhaps bringing in supplies.

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From Trade to Toil: An Industrial Link

As the Industrial Revolution transformed Calderdale in the 18th and 19th centuries, the bridge’s role shifted from primarily trade to daily toil.

• Factory Workers' Commute: The path over Donkey Bridge became a daily route for many Norland residents who worked in the burgeoning mills and factories down in the valley. Historical records suggest that many locals, including those who worked at Akroyd’s mill in Copley, would have walked this path every day.

• The Dawn Commute: Imagine the journey: walking to and from work over this bridge, often in the dark hours before sunrise and after sunset, as the mill schedule demanded. The rough, setted (paved with small stones) nature of the path would have been difficult even in daylight.

Today, the original stone bridge structure is clearly visible, though the decking and railings are modern replacements ensuring safe passage. The long, moss-covered walls leading up to the crossing create a funnel, suggesting the path was deliberately narrowed and contained, a common feature of old tracks that were too steep for wheeled traffic.

Standing here, listening to the rushing of the Maple Dean Clough, it’s easy to feel connected to the footsteps—human and equine—that have passed over this little bridge for centuries. It remains a poignant reminder of the enduring infrastructure that powered the Industrial Age in West Yorkshire.

I took these pictures on the 20th March 2019 with a Nikon d3300, clicking any of them should open a link in another window to my Colin Green Photography store on Zazzle.

Please take a moment to share this post, follow me on social media, and explore my work on Clickasnap and Photo4Me using the links below. Your support means a lot!

All the pictures remain the copyright of Colin Green.